Lecture
6 Determiners (1)
Check up the exercises on P85,
textbook.
1)
Definition
Words that precede
any premodifying adjectives in a noun phrase and which denote such referential
meaning as specific reference, genitive reference, definite quantity or
indefinite quantity are referred to as DETERMINERS.
2)
Classification
Articles;
possessive determiners; genitive nouns; demonstrative determiners; relative
determiners; interrogative determiners; indefinite determiners; cardinal and
ordinal numerals; fractional and multiplicative numerals and other quantifiers.
1)
Determiners
with all three clauses on nouns (Singular count nouns; plural count nouns and
noncount nouns)
the; some; any;
no; other; whose; my; your; etc.
2)
Determiners
with singular count nouns only
a(n); one;
another; each; every; either; neither; many a; such a.
3)
Determiners
with plural count nouns only
both; two, three
etc.; another two/three, many; (a) few; several; these; those; a great number
of
4)
Determiners
with nouncount nouns only
a (little) bit of;
a great amount of; a great deal of; (a) little; much; less; least
5)
Determiners
with singular and plural count nouns only
the first; the
second; the last; the next
6)
Determiners
with singular and noncount nouns only: ----this; that
7)
Determiners
with plural and noncount nouns only
a lot of; lots of;
plenty of; enough; most; such; other;
less; least; (in
informal style, they may occasionally occur with plural nouns.)
IV.
Collocations between determiners (P95)
1)
Central
determiners, predeterminers and postdeterminers
According to their
potential position, determiners fall into three subclasses:
A.
Central
determiners;
B.
Predeterminers;
and
C.
Postdeterminers
2)
Word
order of three subclasses of determiners
Normal order:
“predeterminer + central determiner + postdeterminer(s)
A.
There
can’t be coordinate predeterminers or central determiners
(F) my that book
(T) that book of mine
B.
There
is no restraint in the postdeterminers
two more sheets
many more copies
C.
overlapping:
----such
a.
predeterminer:
such a/an
b.
postdeterminer:
collocating with some; any; no; all; few; another; other; many; one; two; etc.
1)
Many;
much; a lot of; lots of; plenty of ----“多”
A．
Many
& much--- functioning both as determiners and as indefinite pronouns.
E.g. A rocket has many parts.
-- Have you
done all these exercises?
-- No, I haven’t
done very many.
B.
Many/much---
often taking such modifiers as “how/too/so/as…as” etc.
C.
In
informal style, many/much are
normally used in negative and interrogative sentence, while a lot of, lots of; plenty of are
commonly used in affirmative sentences.
D.
Just
as many/much sometimes carry a
non-assertive tone, they are commonly used in the objective clause introduced
by whether/if.
2) (a) few; (a) little P104
3)
some;
any
A.
some---
assertive word (in affirmative sentence)
any---nonassertive word (in negative, interrogative, conditional sentences or sentences with negative implication.)
B.
When some occurs in questions, it is implied
that speaker expected an affirmative answer.
C.
Some =
a certain (+ singular count noun)
Any = every /no matter which ( + singular count noun)
4)
All;
both; every; each; either; neither; any
All the items in
this group can function both as determiners and an indefinite pronouns with the
exception of every which is a determiner only.
A.
“ 全体” All--- refers to the whole
of three or more than three
à noun (negative both for personal or impersonal
reference.
no one for personal reference
only
Both ---refers to
the whole of only two
à neither (negative)
B.
“ 每个” Every ≥ 3 persons/things (a whole group)
Each ≥ 2 persons/things (one at a time)
e.g. We want every
child (= all the children) to succeed.
Each child will find his own
way to success.
C. “ 任何一个” any ≥ 3
persons/things
either
= 2
persons/things only
on either side = on both sides
at either end = at both ends
|| Learning Zone || Cover || Last || Next ||